{"id":45782,"date":"2023-03-23T15:18:38","date_gmt":"2023-03-23T16:18:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peymantaeidi.net\/stem-cell\/?p=45782"},"modified":"2023-03-23T16:36:25","modified_gmt":"2023-03-23T16:36:25","slug":"upsc-key-march-23-2023-know-about-man-elephant-conflict-tuberculosis-high-seas-and-genome-and-gene","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/peymantaeidi.net\/stem-cell\/2023\/03\/23\/upsc-key-march-23-2023-know-about-man-elephant-conflict-tuberculosis-high-seas-and-genome-and-gene\/","title":{"rendered":"UPSC Key- March 23, 2023: Know about Man-Elephant conflict, Tuberculosis, High Seas and Genome and Gene"},"content":{"rendered":"
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FRONT PAGE<\/strong><\/p>\n

At Covid-19 review meet, PM stresses on tracking new variants<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Syllabus:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Preliminary Examination: <\/strong>General Science and Current events of national and international importance.<\/p>\n

Mains Examination: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022 General Studies II: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India\u2019s interests, Indian diaspora.<\/p>\n

\u2022 General Studies III: Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nanotechnology, bio-technology.<\/p>\n

Key Points to Ponder:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022 What\u2019s the ongoing story-<\/strong> PRIME MINISTER Narendra Modi<\/a> directed officials on Wednesday to enhance whole genome sequencing of the Covid-19<\/a> virus to track newer variants and carry out effective monitoring of influenza-like illnesses and severe acute respiratory infections. He also urged people to follow respiratory hygiene and Covid-19 appropriate behaviour, according to a statement issued by the PMO.<\/p>\n

\u2022 What do you understand by the term \u2018Genome\u2019?<\/p>\n

\u2022 How Genome and Gene differ from each other?<\/p>\n

\u2022 What is genome sequencing of COVID-19 in India?<\/p>\n

\u2022 Why is genomic sequencing important?<\/p>\n

\u2022 How does genomic sequencing work?<\/p>\n

\u2022 Where does the data for genomic surveillance come from?<\/p>\n

\u2022 What is influenza with acute respiratory infection?<\/p>\n

\u2022 What is H3N2 virus in India?<\/p>\n

\u2022 Some Data and numbers-<\/strong>According to data shared by the Union Health Ministry, more than 1,000 new Covid-19 cases daily were reported on two of the previous three days \u2013 March 20 (1,246 cases), March 21 (699 cases) and March 22 (1,134 cases). Till mid-February, less than 1,000 cases were being reported a week. The numbers started rising slowly, reaching 3,000 cases a week by mid-March.<\/p>\n

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\u2022 Data from the ICMR which tracks respiratory infections across its network of viral laboratories \u2013 shows that Covid-19 is on the rise-Why sudden spike in cases?<\/p>\n

\u2022 For Your Information-<\/strong>Data from the ICMR shows that Covid-19 is on the rise. In the first week of March, two of the flu sub-types were found in 81.6% of respiratory samples, while Covid-19 was found in 12.6%. By March second week, flu sub-types were found in 48% of the samples and Covid-19 in 33.3% samples. Along with the increasing cases of Covid-19, a newer sub-variant of the recombinant variant XBB was reported from Maharashtra and Gujarat. There were 40 sequences of XBB1.16 isolated from samples from Maharashtra and 26 sequences from Gujarat.<\/p>\n

\u2022 What is XBB1.16?<\/p>\n

\u2022 What are other Covid sub- variants?<\/p>\n

\u2022 The Indian SARS-CoV-2 Genomics Consortium (INSACOG<\/a>)-Role, Under which Ministry?<\/p>\n

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\u2022 The Indian SARS-CoV-2 Genomics Consortium (INSACOG) is jointly initiated by whom?<\/p>\n

\u2022 Do You Know-<\/strong>INSACOG was established in December 2020 as a joint initiative of the Union Health Ministry of Health and Department of Biotechnology (DBT) (under the Ministry of Science and Technology) with the Council for Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) to expand the whole-genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus<\/a> that causes the Covid-19 disease, across India with the aim of understanding how the virus spreads and evolves. INSACOG started out with the participation of 10 national research laboratories of the central government, and gradually expanded to a network of 38 labs, including private labs, operating on a hub-and-spoke model. The 10 INSACOG Genome Sequencing Laboratories handhold the new laboratories, and the pan-India consortium works to monitor genomic variations in SARS-CoV-2 by a sentinel sequencing effort which is facilitated by the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), involving the Central Surveillance Unit (CSU) under the central government\u2019s Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP).<\/p>\n

\u2022 What Lessons India learnt from Second Wave of Covid-19?<\/p>\n

\u2022 On the global stage, countries and a range of institutions are negotiating the \u201cpandemic treaty\u201d-What is pandemic treaty?<\/p>\n

\u2022 What is a variant of interest (VOI)?<\/p>\n

\u2022 What is a variant of concern (VOC)?<\/p>\n

\u2022 For Your Information-<\/strong>WHO considers Variants of Interest (VOI) if the SARS-CoV-2 virus (which causes COVID-19) has mutations that are suspected or known to cause significant changes from its original strain is spreading widely in many places or many countries whereas variant of concern (VOC) is a SARS-COV-2 variant which spreads more rapidly, causes more severe disease, change in clinical presentation, escapes the body\u2019s immune response, decrease effectiveness of known public health measures, diagnostics, treatments or vaccines.<\/p>\n

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\ud83d\udccdVirus & oneness challenge<\/a><\/p>\n

\ud83d\udccd<\/strong>Explained: What is INSACOG, India\u2019s network of labs to sequence the genome of the Covid-19 coronavirus?<\/a><\/p>\n

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A jumbo mission is in the works to capture a rogue elephant in Kerala<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Syllabus:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Preliminary Examination: <\/strong>General issues on Environmental ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change<\/p>\n

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Mains Examination: <\/strong>General Studies III: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.<\/p>\n

Key Points to Ponder:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022 What\u2019s the ongoing story<\/strong>\u2013 The Kerala Forest Department has made sweeping arrangements to capture a wild elephant terrorising the high ranges of the Idukki district by killing people and raiding shops for grains for at least the last five years. The elephant, known as Arikomban (rice tusker), a name conferred on the rogue elephant by local people due to its habit of raiding shops for rice) would be tamed in the operation set to begin on March 25 and converted into a kumki (captive tusker used for operations against rogue elephants), said officials.<\/p>\n

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\u2022 What are the major causes of human-Elephant conflict in India?<\/p>\n

\u2022 What present data on Elephants in India says?<\/p>\n

\u2022 What are the three types of elephants?<\/p>\n

\u2022 Is the Asian elephant related to the African elephant?<\/p>\n

\u2022 What is difference between Asian elephant and African elephant?<\/p>\n

\u2022 Do you Know-<\/strong>Elephants have defined social structures. Herds of elephants are matriarchies, with the oldest female leading the way. They consist of female family members of any age and male offspring. Pubescent male elephants leave their herds and generally operate in bachelor male herds. Older males are often solitary.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Have you heard of Project Elephant?<\/p>\n

\u2022 Map Work-<\/strong>Elephant reserves in India<\/p>\n

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\ud83d\udccdUnderstanding Kerala\u2019s man-elephant conflict<\/a><\/p>\n

Previous Year prelims Questions Based on Similar theme:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\ud83d\udccdWith reference to Indian elephants, consider the following statements:<\/p>\n

1. The leader of an elephant group is female.
2. The maximum gestation period can be 22 months.
3. An elephant can normally go on calving till the age of 40 years only.
4. Among the States in India, the highest elephant population is in Kerala.
Which of the statements given above is\/are correct? (Please refer GS1 2020 for complete question)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\ud83d\udccdWith reference to Indian laws about wildlife protection, consider the following statements:
1. Wild animals are the sole property of the government.
2. When a wild animal is declared protected, such animal is entitled for equal protection whether it is found in protected areas or outside.
3. Apprehension of a protected wild animal becoming a danger to human life is sufficient ground for its capture or killing.
Which of the statements given above is\/are correct? (Please refer GS1 2022 for complete question)<\/strong><\/p>\n

GOVT & POLITICS<\/strong><\/p>\n

PM to address \u2018One World TB Summit\u2019 in Varanasi tomorrow<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Syllabus:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Preliminary Examination: <\/strong>Economic and Social Development<\/p>\n

Main Examination: <\/strong>General Studies II: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector\/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.<\/p>\n

Key Points to Ponder:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022 What\u2019s the ongoing story-<\/strong> Prime Minister Narendra Modi will visit his Lok Sabha<\/a> constituency Varanasi on Friday to address \u2018One World TB Summit\u2019 and also dedicate and lay foundation stones for various projects worth over Rs 1,780 crore, said a Prime Minister\u2019s Office press release. To mark World Tuberculosis Day, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) and the Stop TB Partnership are organising the summit where international delegates from over 30 countries are scheduled to be present. Founded in 2001, the Stop TB Partnership is a United Nations-hosted organisation that amplifies the voices of the people, communities and countries affected by TB.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Health Sector in India-Pre and Post Pandemic<\/p>\n

\u2022 Tuberculosis (TB) and India-Impact<\/p>\n

\u2022 India TB Report 2021 and Global TB Report 2021-key Highlights and who publishes?<\/p>\n

\u2022 Know the term-BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin)<\/p>\n

\u2022 National Strategic Plan 2017-2025 for TB Elimination in India-Issues and Challenges<\/p>\n

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\ud83d\udccdNational Strategic Plan 2017-2025 for TB Elimination in India<\/a><\/p>\n

Army to introduce \u2018native, traditional\u2019 millets in troop rations<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Syllabus:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Preliminary Examination: <\/strong>Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.<\/p>\n

Mains Examination: <\/strong>General Studies III: Major crops-cropping patterns in various parts of the country, different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.<\/p>\n

Key Points to Ponder:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022 What\u2019s the ongoing story-<\/strong>The Army has decided to introduce millets in rations of troops deployed in various locations, including the northern borders, to promote consumption of the indigenous grain in the backdrop of the United Nations General Assembly declaring 2023 as the International Year of Millets, the Army said on Wednesday. \u201cThe landmark decision will ensure troops are supplied with native and traditional grains after over half a century, when these were discontinued (in 1966) in favour of wheat flour,\u201d the Army said in a statement.<\/p>\n

\u2022 What is Millet?<\/p>\n

\u2022 For Your Information-<\/strong>The word millets is used to describe small-grained cereals like sorghum (jowar), pearl millet (bajra), foxtail millet (kangni\/ Italian millet), little millet (kutki), kodo millet, finger millet (ragi\/ mandua), proso millet (cheena\/ common millet), barnyard millet (sawa\/ sanwa\/ jhangora), and brown top millet (korale).<\/p>\n

\u2022 Where millets lag?<\/p>\n

\u2022 Millets aren\u2019t the first choice either of consumers or of farmers-Why?<\/p>\n

\u2022 Why 2023 is Year of Millets?<\/p>\n

\u2022 Can robust cereals like millets offer a cheap and nourishing alternative as the global agrifood systems struggle to feed a population that is constantly expanding?<\/p>\n

\u2022 How the IYM 2023 will contribute to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development?<\/p>\n

\u2022 Map Work-<\/strong> The major millet producing states in India<\/p>\n

\u2022 What geographical parameters are necessary for millets?<\/p>\n

\u2022 India and Millets-Know in detail<\/p>\n

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:   <\/strong><\/p>\n

\ud83d\udccdInternational Year of Millets (IYM) 2023 kick starts with Focussed Activities being undertaken by Central Ministries, State Governments and Indian Embassies<\/a><\/p>\n

\ud83d\udccdWhy India\u2019s push for millets is yet to gain widespread traction<\/a><\/p>\n

EXPLAINED<\/strong><\/p>\n

The High Seas Treaty<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Syllabus:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Preliminary Examination: <\/strong>General issues on Environmental ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change<\/p>\n

Mains Examination: <\/strong>General Studies III: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.<\/p>\n

Key Points to Ponder:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022 What\u2019s the ongoing story<\/strong>\u2013 Two weeks ago, negotiators from almost every country in the world finalised a new global treaty meant for the conservation and sustainable use of biological resources in the high seas. In terms of its significance and impact, this treaty is being compared to the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change. High seas are open ocean areas that are outside the jurisdiction of any country \u2014 the reason why the treaty is commonly known as the agreement on \u201cbiodiversity beyond national jurisdictions\u201d, or BBNJ. Once the treaty becomes international law after ratification by member countries, it will regulate all human activities in the high seas with the objective of ensuring that ocean resources, including biodiversity, are utilised in a sustainable manner, and their benefits are shared equitably among countries.<\/p>\n

\u2022 What are the high seas?<\/p>\n

\u2022 Which marine species are at risk?<\/p>\n

\u2022 How will the High Seas Treaty protect marine life?<\/p>\n

\u2022 When will the treaty take effect?<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u201cOceans are an integral part of the global climate cycle, and perform a range of ecological services\u201d -Discuss<\/p>\n

\u2022 For Your Information-<\/strong>The high seas comprise 64 per cent of the ocean surface, and about 43 per cent of the Earth. These areas are home to about 2.2 million marine species and up to a trillion different kinds of microorganisms, according to the Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative (DOSI), a network of global experts on oceans. A number of regional, multilateral and global legal frameworks exist to govern the activities in the oceans, the most important of which is the United Nations Convention on the Laws of the Sea (UNCLOS), a 1982 agreement that has near-universal acceptance.<\/p>\n

\u2022 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea-Know in detail<\/p>\n

\u2022 What is the purpose of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)?<\/p>\n

\u2022 Do You Know-<\/strong>A number of regional, multilateral and global legal frameworks exist to govern the activities in the oceans, the most important of which is the United Nations Convention on the Laws of the Sea (UNCLOS), a 1982 agreement that has near-universal acceptance. Among other things, UNCLOS defined the rights and duties of countries in the oceans, the extent of ocean areas over which countries could claim sovereignty, and the legal status of marine resources. It also specified a set of general rules for a range of activities in the oceans including navigation, scientific research, and deep-sea mining.<\/p>\n

\u2022 What is exclusive economic zones (EEZ)?<\/p>\n

\u2022 The high seas are the areas within the EEZ of any country-True or False?<\/p>\n

\u2022 The High Seas Treaty has four main objectives-What are they?<\/p>\n

\u2022 Some significant problems are not sufficiently addressed by the treaty-What are they?<\/p>\n

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\ud83d\udccd<\/strong>Protecting \u2018two-thirds of the world\u2019s oceans\u2019: What the UN High Seas Treaty draft agreement says<\/a><\/p>\n

Previous Year prelims Questions Based on Similar theme:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\ud83d\udccdWith reference to \u2018dugong\u2019, a mammal found in India, which of the following statements is\/are correct?<\/p>\n

1. It is a herbivorous marine animal.
2. It is found along the entire coast of India.
3. It is given legal protection under Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. (Please refer GS1 2015 for complete question)<\/strong><\/p>\n

THE WORLD<\/strong><\/p>\n

China\u2019s capital experiences first population decline since 2003<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Syllabus:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Preliminary Examination: <\/strong>Economic and Social Development<\/p>\n

Mains Examination: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022 General Studies I: Population and associated issues<\/p>\n

\u2022 General Studies II: India and its neighbourhood- relations.<\/p>\n

Key Points to Ponder:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022 What\u2019s the ongoing story-<\/strong> The death rate in China\u2019s capital Beijing surpassed its birth rate in 2022, official data showed on Tuesday, pushing its natural population growth into negative territory for the first time since 2003. The death rate in the city of 21.84 million, one of the country\u2019s most populous urban centres, rose to 5.72 deaths per 1,000 people, while the birth rate fell to 5.67 births per 1,000 people, official statistics released by the Beijing government showed.<\/p>\n

\u2022 What is Birth rate and death rate?<\/p>\n

\u2022 What happens when birth rate is greater than death rate?<\/p>\n

\u2022 What happens when death rate is greater than birth rate?<\/p>\n

\u2022 Beijing\u2019s population decline was in line with national trends, with China\u2019s population falling last year for the first time in six decades- There are two primary drivers of population change-what are they?<\/p>\n

\u2022 How Mortality and fertility impacts population ratio?<\/p>\n

\u2022 For Your Information-<\/strong>A country\u2019s population increases with reduction in mortality or relative number of deaths. The population growth slows and may even go into reverse, like it has now for China with declining fertility rates. Mortality falls with increased education levels, public health and vaccination programmes, access to food and medical care, and provision of safe drinking water and sanitation facilities.<\/p>\n

\u2022 What is crude death rate (CDR) and the total fertility rate (TFR)?<\/p>\n

\u2022 If India\u2019s TFR is already below-replacement, why is its population still increasing?<\/p>\n

\u2022 How has China\u2019s TFR finally shrunk?<\/p>\n

\u2022 What does Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1 mean?<\/p>\n

\u2022 What National Family Health Survey 5 said about Total Fertility Rate (TFR)?<\/p>\n

\u2022 What is Replacement Fertility Rate?<\/p>\n

\u2022 How is the Total Fertility Rate calculated?<\/p>\n

\u2022 What is the difference between birth rate and Total Fertility Rate (TFR)?<\/p>\n

\u2022 Does an increase in births mean that TFR will go up?<\/p>\n

\u2022 Why China faces a crisis?<\/p>\n

\u2022 How can this entire situation be viewed as an opportunity for India?<\/p>\n

\u2022 Do You Know-<\/strong>According to the 2022 edition of the United Nations\u2019 World Population Prospects (WPP), released recently, India is projected to surpass China as the world\u2019s most populous country in 2023. It also projected the world\u2019s population to reach 8 billion on November 15, 2022. World Population Prospects 2022 is the twenty-seventh edition of the official estimates and projections of the global population that have been published by the United Nations since 1951.<\/p>\n

\u2022 World Population Prospects 2022- What are the main takeaways for the global population?<\/p>\n

\u2022 According to the World Population Prospects 2022, Population growth is caused in part by declining levels of mortality, as reflected in increased levels of life expectancy at birth-true or false?<\/p>\n

\u2022 According to the World Population Prospects 2022, International migration is having important impacts on population trends for some countries. How?<\/p>\n

\u2022 The size of the population is intimately connected to the power dynamics shaping the relationship between nations, regions and generations-Do you agree with the given statement?<\/p>\n

\u2022 What is \u2018Demographic gravitation\u2019?<\/p>\n

\u2022 Can you highlight population transformations around the globe?<\/p>\n

\u2022 What is demographic dividend?<\/p>\n

\u2022 The UN projections say that by 2050, India\u2019s population will reach 1,668 million, far exceeding China\u2019s declining population at 1,317 million. What will be its implications?<\/p>\n

\u2022 What pattern of population distribution is in China?<\/p>\n

\u2022 What are the policy implications arising out of these two trends?<\/p>\n

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\ud83d\udccdChina sees population dip after decades<\/a><\/p>\n

For any queries and feedback, contact priya.shukla@<\/strong>indianexpress.com<\/a>
The <\/strong>Indian Express<\/a> UPSC Hub is now on Telegram. <\/strong>Click here to join our channel and stay updated with the latest Updates.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

FRONT PAGE At Covid-19 review meet, PM stresses on tracking new variants Syllabus: Preliminary Examination: General<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":45784,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/peymantaeidi.net\/stem-cell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45782"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/peymantaeidi.net\/stem-cell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/peymantaeidi.net\/stem-cell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/peymantaeidi.net\/stem-cell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/peymantaeidi.net\/stem-cell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=45782"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/peymantaeidi.net\/stem-cell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45782\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":45785,"href":"https:\/\/peymantaeidi.net\/stem-cell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45782\/revisions\/45785"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/peymantaeidi.net\/stem-cell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/45784"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/peymantaeidi.net\/stem-cell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45782"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/peymantaeidi.net\/stem-cell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=45782"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/peymantaeidi.net\/stem-cell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=45782"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}